Why can Beit Din enforce the giving of tzedakah?

The assertion that Beit Din can enforce the giving of tzedakah arises from the understanding of tzedakah not merely as a charitable act but as an obligation steeped in both positive and negative mitzvot. In Halacha, tzedakah is emphasized as a positive commandment because it is mandated for individuals to give a specific portion of their income to support those in need. At the same time, there are prohibitions associated with not fulfilling this obligation, which can be viewed as a negative mitzvah, as these mitzvot enforce the moral responsibility to support the less fortunate.

The dual aspect of tzedakah as both a positive commandment and a negative commandment lends the Beit Din the authority to enforce it, as it aligns with the broader responsibility of the Jewish community to ensure that moral and ethical standards are upheld. This enforcement is vital in fostering social welfare and cohesion within the community.

In contrast, the other possible reasons do not capture the full basis of Beit Din's authority in enforcing tzedakah. The view of tzedakah as a community obligation reflects its importance but does not inherently provide the legal basis for enforcement. Similarly, while tzedakah may indeed be a moral duty acknowledged by law, the specific categor