What is described as the lowest level of tzedakah according to Rambam?

The lowest level of tzedakah, as described by Rambam, is giving begrudgingly. This perspective emphasizes that true charitable giving should come from a place of generosity and goodwill. When someone gives with reluctance or resentment, it undermines the spirit and purpose of tzedakah, which is to care for others and uplift the community. The act of giving in this manner lacks the intent of fostering connection and support, which are essential elements of the mitzvah.

In contrast, other forms of giving, such as doing so willingly and joyfully, signify a higher moral and ethical standard. Giving with a sense of obligation is certainly better than begrudgingly, but it may not fully reflect the ideal intention behind tzedakah. Giving without consideration implies a lack of engagement or awareness about the needs of others, which also contrasts with the depth of care that is intended with charitable acts. Each of these other options represents a more virtuous approach to tzedakah than giving begrudgingly, solidifying the latter’s position as the least desirable form of charitable giving according to Rambam.